AP Chemistry

Comprehensive AP Chemistry guide covering all nine units: Atomic Structure, Compound Structure, Properties of Substances and Mixtures, Chemical Reactions, Kinetics, Thermochemistry, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, and Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry. Includes the equation/constants sheet, lab procedures, and the six science practices threaded through every topic.

Topics Covered

Atomic Structure

Compound Structure

Substances & Mixtures

Chemical Reactions

Kinetics

Thermochemistry

Equilibrium

Acids & Bases

Thermodynamics & Electrochem

What you get

Full topic-by-topic curriculum coverage

Spaced-repetition flashcards for every topic

Multiple-choice quizzes with explanations

Term-matching vocabulary games

Aligned with the College Board CED

Exam technique tips throughout

Key terms & definitions bank

12 months of access from purchase

Free Sample

Unit 1: Atomic Structure & Properties

THE BIG PICTURE. Unit 1 establishes the quantitative and structural foundation for everything that follows. It is worth 7–9% of the exam but is referenced by every other unit. Two threads dominate: the mole concept (how chemists count atoms) and atomic structure (how electron arrangement determines reactivity). Master Avogadro's number, dimensional analysis, electron configuration, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), and the periodic trends, and you have the toolkit to predict bonding (Unit 2), properties (Unit 3), and reaction behavior (Unit 4 onward).

Sample Flashcards

How many atoms are in 36.5 g of carbon-12?

Moles of C = $36.5/12.01 = 3.04$ mol. Atoms = $3.04 \times 6.022 \times 1 0^{23} = 1.83 \times 1 0^{24}$ atoms. The mole bridge: grams → moles via molar mass, moles → particles via $N_{A}$ .

Why is Cr (Z = 24) an exception to the simple Aufbau prediction, and what is its observed configuration?

Predicted by simple Aufbau: [Ar] $4 s^{2} 3 d^{4}$ . Observed: [Ar] $4 s^{1} 3 d^{5}$ . A half-filled $3 d^{5}$ is extra stable (each $d$ orbital singly occupied, all parallel spins by Hund), so promoting one $4 s$ electron to $3 d$ lowers total energy. Cu shows the analogous filled- $d$ exception: [Ar] $4 s^{1} 3 d^{10}$ .

Sample Key Terms

Mole

A counting unit equal to Avogadro's number $N_{A} = 6.022 \times 1 0^{23}$ entities. Bridges the macroscopic (grams) and atomic (particles) scales.

Molar Mass ( $M$ )

Mass of one mole of a substance, in g/mol, numerically equal to the atomic or formula weight in amu. Use to convert between mass and moles: $n = m / M$ .

Mass Spectrum

A plot of relative isotope abundance versus mass-to-charge ratio. The weighted-average peak position gives the average atomic mass: $M_{a v g} = \sum (isotope mass) \cdot (fractional abundance)$ .

What's Covered

Unit 1: Atomic Structure & Properties
Unit 2: Compound Structure & Properties
Unit 3: Properties of Substances & Mixtures
Unit 4: Chemical Reactions
Unit 5: Kinetics
Unit 6: Thermochemistry
Unit 7: Equilibrium
Unit 8: Acids & Bases
Unit 9: Thermodynamics & Electrochemistry
Exam Strategy, Science Practices & Lab Skills

10 topics · 120+ flashcards · quizzes & matching games included

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